01 · Lesson introduction
What you will learn
Family is one of the most common topics in English exams — and in everyday conversation. In this lesson you will learn how to name your relatives accurately, describe your daily routine naturally, and talk about special occasions such as weddings and anniversaries with confidence.
By the end of this lesson you will be able to:
Name your relatives
Use precise words like niece, brother-in-law and stepmother instead of long explanations.
Use family phrasal verbs
Understand and use natural expressions such as take after, bring up and get together.
Describe celebrations
Talk about engagements, weddings and anniversaries the way native speakers do.
Perform in exams
Apply this vocabulary in the exact task types used in PET, Trinity and SELT speaking tests.
02 · Key vocabulary
Essential family words at B1
Study the table below. Notice the collocations — words that naturally go together. Learning a word with its partners is the fastest way to sound natural.
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning | Example | Collocations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| niece | /niːs/ | your brother's or sister's daughter | My niece has just started secondary school. | my little niece · a favourite niece |
| nephew | /ˈnef.juː/ | your brother's or sister's son | I'm taking my nephew to the football on Saturday. | a teenage nephew · spoil your nephew |
| brother-in-law | /ˈbrʌð.ər.ɪn.lɔː/ | your husband's or wife's brother, or your sister's husband | My brother-in-law runs a café in Portsmouth. | meet your in-laws · get on with your in-laws |
| stepmother | /ˈstep.mʌð.ə/ | your father's wife, who is not your mother | Dev is really close to his stepmother. | a caring stepmother · stepbrother / stepsister |
| only child | /ˌəʊn.li ˈtʃaɪld/ | a person with no brothers or sisters | Being an only child, she loved staying with her cousins. | an only child · grow up as an only child |
| twins | /twɪnz/ | two children born to the same mother at the same time | The twins finish each other's sentences. | identical twins · twin brother / sister |
| elderly | /ˈel.dəl.i/ | a polite word for "old" (people) | She visits her elderly aunt every Sunday. | elderly relatives · care for the elderly |
| generation | /ˌdʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ | all the people in a family of roughly the same age | Three generations live under one roof. | the older generation · a generation gap |
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning | Example | Collocations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| get engaged | /ɡet ɪnˈɡeɪdʒd/ | to formally agree to marry someone | They got engaged on holiday in Cornwall. | get engaged to someone · an engagement ring |
| anniversary | /ˌæn.ɪˈvɜː.sər.i/ | the yearly date of an important event, e.g. a marriage | It's my parents' silver wedding anniversary in May. | celebrate an anniversary · a 25th anniversary |
| reception | /rɪˈsep.ʃən/ | the party after a wedding ceremony | The reception was held in a barn near Winchester. | a wedding reception · hold a reception |
| groom | /ɡruːm/ | the man who is getting married | The groom looked nervous but happy. | the bride and groom · the groom's speech |
| propose | /prəˈpəʊz/ | to ask someone to marry you | He proposed at the top of a mountain. | propose to someone · accept a proposal |
| family gathering | /ˈɡæð.ər.ɪŋ/ | an occasion when family members meet | Christmas is our biggest family gathering of the year. | a family gathering · host a gathering |
| Phrasal verb | Pronunciation | Meaning | Example | Collocations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| take after | /ˌteɪk ˈɑːf.tə/ | to be similar to an older relative | Everyone says I take after my grandad. | take after your mum / dad |
| bring up | /ˌbrɪŋ ˈʌp/ | to raise and educate a child | She was brought up by her grandparents. | bring up children · be well brought up |
| get on with | /ˌɡet ˈɒn wɪð/ | to have a good relationship with | Do you get on with your in-laws? | get on well / badly with someone |
| look up to | /ˌlʊk ˈʌp tuː/ | to admire and respect someone | He's always looked up to his older sister. | look up to a role model |
| get together | /ˌɡet təˈɡeð.ə/ | to meet socially | The whole family gets together every Eid. | get together for a meal · a get-together (noun) |
| tell off | /ˌtel ˈɒf/ | to speak angrily to someone who has done something wrong | Mum told us off for coming home late. | tell someone off for (do)ing |
| settle down | /ˌset.əl ˈdaʊn/ | to start living a calm, stable life, often with a family | After years of travelling, he settled down in Bristol. | settle down and start a family |
03 · Visual learning
Picture the vocabulary
Images anchor new words in your memory. Use these illustration ideas (or generate them with an AI image tool) and label each picture with the vocabulary from this lesson.
The garden reunion
Four generations of a British family sharing afternoon tea in a garden — great-grandmother in an armchair, toddlers on the grass. Label: elderly, generation, family gathering, get together.
The proposal
A man kneeling on a windswept clifftop in Cornwall holding a ring box, his partner laughing in surprise. Label: propose, get engaged, engagement ring.
Twins at the school gates
Identical twin girls in matching uniforms waving goodbye to their stepfather. Label: identical twins, stepfather, bring up.
The wedding reception
A barn decorated with fairy lights; the groom giving a speech while guests raise their glasses. Label: groom, reception, guests, speech.
Sunday dinner chaos
A crowded kitchen: grandad carving a roast, a nephew stealing a roast potato, an aunt telling him off. Label: nephew, tell off, relatives.
Like grandfather, like grandson
A split image: a black-and-white photo of a young man in the 1960s next to his grandson today — same smile, same curly hair. Label: take after, look up to.
04 · Grammar focus
Grammar that lives inside family vocabulary
1. The possessive apostrophe (’s)
Family talk is full of possessives: my sister's husband, my parents' house. Remember the rule: singular noun → 's (my brother's wife); plural noun ending in -s → apostrophe only (my grandparents' garden).
2. Separable vs inseparable phrasal verbs
Bring up and tell off are separable: She brought them up alone. / Dad told me off. With a pronoun, the object must go in the middle — never say brought up them.
Take after, get on with and look up to are inseparable: I take after my mum — the object always follows the whole verb.
3. Used to for past family routines
When you describe your childhood — a favourite exam topic — use used to + infinitive for past habits that are now finished: We used to spend every summer at my nan's house. I didn't use to like my little cousin, but now we're best friends.
05 · Example sentences
Fifteen sentences to make the words yours
- My niece Poppy is learning the violin, and my nephew Alfie has just joined the scouts.
- I get on really well with my brother-in-law — we support the same football team.
- Rosa was brought up in a tiny village, so she finds city life exciting.
- Everybody says Amara takes after her grandmother: the same laugh, the same green eyes.
- As an only child, Tomasz spent a lot of his childhood with his cousins.
- My elderly neighbours treat me like one of their own relatives.
- The twins had a joint birthday party with two separate cakes — one each!
- Karim proposed during a walk along the beach, and they got engaged that evening.
- The groom forgot his speech, so his brother told funny stories instead.
- We're hosting a big family gathering for my grandparents' golden wedding anniversary.
- The wedding reception went on until two in the morning.
- Little kids often look up to their older brothers and sisters.
- Grandma told the dog off for stealing a sausage roll from the table.
- After a decade abroad, Yusuf decided to settle down near his parents in Leeds.
- The whole family gets together on the first Sunday of every month for lunch.
06 · Exercise 1
Match the word to its definition
Match each word (1–8) with the correct definition (a–h). Write your answers in your notebook.
- niece
- groom
- anniversary
- only child
- reception
- take after
- settle down
- generation
- the celebration party after a marriage ceremony
- to resemble an older member of your family
- a person who has no brothers or sisters
- the man who is getting married
- your brother's or sister's daughter
- people in a family who are roughly the same age
- the date each year when you remember a special event
- to begin a calm, stable stage of life
Show answers
- e
- d
- g
- c
- a
- b
- h
- f
07 · Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks
Complete each sentence with one word or phrase from the box. You will not need every item, and some verbs need to change form.
- My sister's son — my — starts university in September.
- Hana was by her aunt after her parents moved abroad for work.
- They last month; the wedding will be next summer.
- You really your father — you even walk like him!
- We always at my uncle's house for New Year.
- The couldn't stop smiling as the bride walked in.
- It's their tenth wedding tomorrow — a whole decade!
- I don't have any brothers or sisters; I'm an .
- The teacher the boys for running in the corridor.
- Sofia and Elena look identical because they're .
- He wants to travel first and later, maybe in his thirties.
- Do you your mother-in-law? Mine is lovely.
- Many young players the captain because she trains harder than anyone.
- After the ceremony, the was held in the hotel garden.
- My neighbour is ninety-one and still grows all her own vegetables.
Show answers
- nephew
- brought up
- got engaged
- take after
- get together
- groom
- anniversary
- only child
- told … off
- twins
- settle down
- get on with
- look up to
- reception
- elderly
08 · Exercise 3
Multiple choice quiz
Choose the best option, A, B or C. Then check the explanations — understanding why is what moves you from B1 to B2.
- My mum's new husband is my ______.
A brother-in-law B stepfather C nephew - I've always ______ my grandad — he's the wisest person I know.
A looked up to B told off C taken after - Only your mother and father are your ______.
A relatives B relations C parents - She ______ in a house full of books, so she became a writer.
A grew up B brought up C got up - He got down on one knee and ______.
A settled down B proposed C celebrated - Dad ______ for breaking the window.
A told off us B told us off C told off to us - We're celebrating my grandparents' fiftieth wedding ______.
A reception B ceremony C anniversary - My aunt's daughter is my ______.
A cousin B niece C sister-in-law - I ______ really well with my flatmates — we never argue.
A get on B take after C look up - When I was little, we ______ visit my great-aunt every Sunday.
A used to B use to C are used to
Show answers & explanations
- B — stepfather. A step-parent is your parent's new partner. A brother-in-law comes through marriage to a sibling; a nephew is a sibling's son.
- A — looked up to. "Look up to" = admire. "Take after" would mean you resemble him, and "tell off" means to criticise angrily.
- C — parents. "Relatives" and "relations" describe the whole extended family; "parents" means only your mother and father.
- A — grew up. Children grow up (no object); parents bring children up (needs an object). "Got up" means left your bed!
- B — proposed. Kneeling with a ring is the classic image of proposing. "Settle down" describes a life stage, not a single romantic moment.
- B — told us off. "Tell off" is separable, and with a pronoun the object must sit between the verb and the particle.
- C — anniversary. The anniversary is the yearly date. The reception is the party after a wedding; the ceremony is the formal marriage itself.
- A — cousin. Your aunt or uncle's child is your cousin. A niece is your sibling's daughter.
- A — get on. "Get on (well) with someone" = have a good relationship. The others don't collocate with "with … really well".
- A — used to. In positive sentences we write used to. "Use to" only appears after didn't: "I didn't use to like tea."
09 · Speaking practice
Talk about your family
Discussion questions
- Who do you take after in your family — in looks, and in personality?
- Is it better to grow up as an only child or with lots of brothers and sisters? Why?
- How often does your extended family get together? What do you usually do?
- Who did you look up to when you were a child? Do you still?
- At what age do people usually settle down in your country? Is that changing?
Pair work: The family interview
Student A is a podcast host making a show called Households. Student B is this week's guest. A interviews B about their family for three minutes, using at least six words from this lesson. Then swap roles. Challenge: the host must ask one follow-up question ("Really? Why is that?") after every answer.
Role plays
- The seating plan. You are organising a wedding reception for eighty guests. Your uncle doesn't get on with your stepmother, and the twins refuse to sit apart. Negotiate the seating plan with your partner.
- The anniversary surprise. With your partner, secretly plan a party for your grandparents' fortieth anniversary: venue, guests, food, one big surprise. You have a small budget — you must agree on what to cut.
10 · Listening activity
Listening: “Moving Grandad In”
Read the script aloud with a partner, or record it and listen with your eyes closed. Then answer the questions.
Presenter: Today on Households we're talking to Priya, whose grandfather moved in with her family last year. Priya, how did it happen?
Priya: Well, after my gran passed away, Grandad was on his own in a big house in Cardiff. He's quite elderly now — eighty-six — and my mum worried about him constantly. So one Sunday, at a family gathering, my dad just said, "Ravi, come and live with us." And he did!
Presenter: Was it difficult at first?
Priya: Honestly, yes. Grandad kept telling my little brother off for playing music too loudly, and he reorganised Mum's entire kitchen without asking. There were some tense weeks!
Presenter: And now?
Priya: Now I can't imagine the house without him. He picks the kids up from school, he's teaching me to cook his famous dal, and my brother absolutely looks up to him. Three generations under one roof — it's noisy, but it works.
Presenter: Any advice for families thinking about it?
Priya: Talk about the small things early — kitchens, music, routines. The love is the easy part; it's the habits you have to negotiate.
Comprehension questions
- Why was Priya's mother worried about Grandad?
- Where did the invitation to move in take place?
- What TWO things caused tension in the first weeks?
- How does Priya's brother feel about Grandad now?
- According to Priya, what is "the easy part" — and what is difficult?
Show answers
- He was elderly (86) and living alone in a big house after his wife died.
- At a family gathering, one Sunday.
- He told her brother off for loud music, and he reorganised the kitchen without asking.
- He admires him — he "absolutely looks up to him".
- The love is easy; negotiating everyday habits and routines is difficult.
11 · Reading activity
Reading: “The Longest Table”
Every August, the Okonkwo family takes over the village hall in a small town near York. It started twelve years ago, when Chidi and his wife Grace celebrated their silver wedding anniversary. They expected thirty guests; ninety-four arrived, some flying in from Lagos and Toronto. The hall's tables were pushed together into one enormous line, and a tradition was born.
Now "The Longest Table" happens every year, anniversary or not. Grace's brother — a chef — cooks for three days beforehand. The oldest guest is Chidi's mother, who is ninety and insists on making the jollof rice herself, telling off anyone who touches her pot. The youngest last year was a six-week-old niece who slept through the entire party.
For the younger generation, the day can feel overwhelming. "I'm an only child," says nineteen-year-old Ada, "so suddenly having forty cousins in one room is a lot. But honestly? I look forward to it all year. My grandmother tells stories about growing up in Enugu, and I realise how much I take after her — we're both stubborn, apparently."
Chidi believes gatherings like this are becoming rarer. "Families are scattered across the world now. If you don't create a reason to get together, the years slip past. So we created one — and we put it in everyone's calendar in permanent ink."
Comprehension questions
- What event started the tradition twelve years ago?
- Why is the event called "The Longest Table"?
- Who makes the jollof rice, and how does she protect her recipe?
- Why does Ada sometimes find the day overwhelming?
- In what way does Ada take after her grandmother?
- What is Chidi's argument for organising the gathering every year?
Show answers
- Chidi and Grace's silver (25th) wedding anniversary.
- The hall's tables are pushed together into one enormous line.
- Chidi's ninety-year-old mother; she tells off anyone who touches her pot.
- She is an only child, so being with forty cousins at once is a lot for her.
- They are both stubborn.
- Families are scattered worldwide, so without a fixed reason to get together, years pass without meeting.
12 · Writing task
Write about a family occasion
Task (about 100 words): An English-speaking friend has written to you: "I hear you had a big family celebration recently! Who was there? What did you do? Was there anything funny or surprising?"
Write a reply. Include:
- at least three relative words (e.g. niece, brother-in-law, stepmother)
- at least two phrasal verbs from this lesson
- one sentence with used to
Challenge (B2 reach): Rewrite your ending so the last sentence looks forward to the next family gathering.
13 · Common mistakes
Mistakes B1 learners make — and how to fix them
14 · Pronunciation tips
Sound natural when you talk about family
The /ð/ sound — the heart of family words
Mother, father, brother, grandmother — all contain /ð/, made with the tongue lightly touching the top teeth. If you say /d/ instead, mother sounds like "mudder". Practise the chain: my mother's brother's other mother-in-law.
Tricky individual words
- niece /niːs/ — one syllable, long /iː/. It rhymes with peace, not "nee-say".
- nephew /ˈnef.juː/ — the ph is /f/, and the stress is on the first syllable.
- cousin /ˈkʌz.ən/ — the ou is /ʌ/ as in cup, never "coo-sin".
- anniversary /ˌæn.ɪˈvɜː.sər.i/ — five syllables with the stress on -ver-. Tap the rhythm: an-ni-VER-sa-ry.
Connected speech
Phrasal verbs link together in fast speech. Get on with becomes /ɡetɒnwɪð/ — the /t/ jumps onto the next word: "ge-ton-with". Similarly, look up to flows as "loo-kup-to". Practising the linked version trains your ear for the listening exam, where you'll never hear the words separately.
15 · Exam tips
Where this vocabulary appears in your exam
Cambridge PET (B1 Preliminary)
Family appears everywhere: short messages in Reading Part 1, interviews in Listening Part 2, and photo description in Speaking Part 3. In the photo task, keep talking for the full minute — use frames like "This picture shows…", "In the background I can see…", "They might be celebrating…".
Trinity GESE (Grades 5–6)
"Special occasions" is a listed Grade 5 subject area, and your own topic presentation can be about your family. Prepare a 90-second story about a real family celebration using used to, two phrasal verbs and one opinion.
SELT (UK visas)
In GESE SELT conversations, examiners frequently ask about who you live with and family life in the UK versus your home country. Precise relative words (mother-in-law, not "the mother of my husband") instantly signal control of English.
IELTS
Speaking Part 1 regularly opens with family questions, and Part 2 cue cards often ask you to describe "a person you admire" — the perfect home for look up to and take after. In Writing Task 2, family structure and generational change are recurring essay themes.
16 · Interactive activities
Ideas for classroom and self-study games
Drag & drop: Build the family
Learners drag name cards onto an empty family tree as the teacher reads clues: "Marek is Lena's brother-in-law…". First correct tree wins.
Flashcards with a twist
One side shows the word, the other shows only the collocation ("_____ down and start a family"). Learners must recall the word from its partners.
Memory pairs
Match phrasal verbs to their definitions face-down. To keep a pair, the player must also use the verb in an original sentence.
Vocabulary race
Two teams, one whiteboard. Call out a definition; the first runner to write the correct word (spelled correctly!) scores. Deduct a point for "nefew".
Kahoot ideas
Build a 10-question Kahoot from the quiz in section 08, adding two picture rounds: "Which photo shows a reception?" and "Who does the boy take after?"
Two truths and a lie: family edition
Each learner says three sentences about their relatives using lesson vocabulary — one is false. The group interrogates before voting.
17 · FAQ
Frequently asked questions
What's the difference between "relatives" and "parents"?
Your parents are only your mother and father. Relatives (or relations) are all the other members of your family — grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, in-laws. Mixing these up is one of the most common B1 mistakes.
Is "take after" the same as "look like"?
They overlap but aren't identical. "Look like" describes appearance only. "Take after" covers appearance and personality, and you can only take after an older family member — you take after your mum; she doesn't take after you.
What level is this family vocabulary?
This lesson targets CEFR B1, the level of Cambridge PET and Trinity GESE Grades 5–6. A few stretch items (like settle down used figuratively) reach toward B2 to help you grow.
How is this vocabulary tested in the SELT exam?
Trinity GESE SELT exams are conversation-based, and family is one of the most natural discussion areas: who you live with, your children, family life in the UK. Accurate relative words and phrasal verbs demonstrate exactly the fluency examiners are listening for.
Can I use this lesson to prepare for IELTS?
Yes. IELTS Speaking Part 1 frequently begins with family questions, and "describe a person you admire" is a classic Part 2 cue card. The phrasal verbs in this lesson map directly onto those tasks.
18 · Test yourself
Free B1 PET Vocabulary Tester
Ten exam-style questions, marked instantly. Choose one answer for each question, then press Mark my test. Aim for 8 or more before exam day.
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