The very first tense most English learners master in depth, habits, routines, facts and permanent truths, explained fully with the third-person -s rule, every use, common mistakes and exam practice.
π Reading time: ~24 minutesβ Reviewed by a CELTA-qualified teacherπ― Covers A1 to B1
The present simple is usually the very first tense English learners study in real depth, and for good reason. It is the tense of habits, routines, facts and permanent truths: the foundation on which almost everything else in English grammar is built. "I work," "she lives," "water boils", these are present simple sentences, and they describe the world as it generally is, not just at this exact moment.
Despite being foundational, the present simple is not without its traps. The third-person -s ending trips up learners at every level, from absolute beginners to advanced speakers under exam pressure. Question and negative formation with "do/does" also causes persistent errors. This guide covers the rule completely, then goes well beyond the basics into the comparisons, exceptions and advanced patterns that even confident intermediate learners often get wrong.
Why Does the Present Simple Matter?
It's the bedrock tense. Nearly every other grammar topic, questions, negatives, auxiliary verbs, is first taught through the present simple.
It's used constantly in real life: introducing yourself, describing your job, explaining routines, stating facts and opinions.
It's tested at every exam level, from A1 Key right through to advanced exams, where its precise comparison with the present continuous becomes a genuine marker of fluency.
Who Should Learn This Page?
This guide is written for A1 (complete beginner) through to B1 (intermediate) learners, with an advanced usage section for B2βC1 students who want to refine genuinely natural, idiomatic present simple use. If you have never studied English before, this is one of the first two or three pages you should read on this entire site.
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How to use this guide
If you are a complete beginner, read Sections 1β7 in order, they build on each other. If you already know the basics but keep making the same mistakes, jump straight to Section 13 (30 Common Mistakes).
2. Quick Summary
β‘ Present Simple at a Glance
DefinitionA tense for habits, routines, facts and permanent situations.
StructureSubject + base verb (+s/es for he/she/it)
Typical UsesDaily routines, general truths, permanent facts, schedules, opinions
Example"She works in marketing. The sun rises in the east."
Common MistakeForgetting the -s for he/she/it: "She work" instead of "She works"
Memory TipIf it's true every day, every week, or forever, present simple.
3. The Grammar Rule
The present simple uses the base form of the verb for all subjects, with one important exception: the third person singular (he, she, it) requires an -s or -es ending.
Subject
Verb Form
Example
I
base form
I work in London.
You
base form
You work hard.
He / She / It
base form + s/es
He works in London. She watches films.
We
base form
We work together.
They
base form
They work from home.
The Verb "To Be", A Special Case
"To be" does not follow the standard present simple pattern, it has its own unique forms for every subject.
Subject
Form
Example
I
am
I am a teacher.
You / We / They
are
You are welcome.
He / She / It
is
She is happy.
The Verb "To Have"
"Have" is irregular in the third person, it becomes "has," not "haves."
Subject
Form
Example
I / You / We / They
have
I have two sisters.
He / She / It
has
She has two sisters.
4. The Third Person -s Rule (Spelling)
Adding -s to the third person singular has specific spelling variations depending on the verb's ending, this causes more spelling errors than almost any other rule in basic English grammar.
Memory trick
Think "hiSSeS, hiSHeS, and witCHeS", verbs ending in sounds that are hard to pronounce together with an extra "s" (-ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z, -o) get the extra syllable "-es" instead of just "-s." This makes the word pronounceable.
5. Sentence Structure
Negatives and questions use the auxiliary do (or does for he/she/it), and once "do/does" appears, the main verb returns to its base form, just like "did" in the past simple.
Form
Structure
Example
Positive
Subject + base form (+s for he/she/it)
She works here.
Negative
Subject + don't/doesn't + base form
She doesn't work here.
Question
Do/Does + subject + base form?
Does she work here?
Short Answer (yes)
Yes, subject + do/does.
Yes, she does.
Short Answer (no)
No, subject + don't/doesn't.
No, she doesn't.
β οΈ
The most common structural error
"Does she works here?" is incorrect, once "does" appears, the verb must return to its base form: "Does she work here?" The -s only ever appears once in the sentence, either on the auxiliary ("does") or the main verb ("works"), never both.
6. Every Use of the Present Simple
1 Habits and Routines
Actions repeated regularly, daily, weekly, every time something happens.
I get up at 6:30 every morning.
She goes to the gym three times a week.
We have a team meeting every Monday.
He always checks his email before breakfast.
They commute by train every day.
2 General Truths and Facts
Statements that are always true, independent of any particular time.
Water freezes at 0Β°C.
The Earth orbits the sun.
Cats are mammals.
Paris is the capital of France.
Light travels faster than sound.
3 Permanent Situations
Long-term facts about people, places and things, not expected to change soon.
I work as an accountant.
She lives in Edinburgh.
We own a small flat in the city centre.
He speaks four languages.
This building dates from the 1920s.
4 Fixed Schedules and Timetables
Official, fixed future events according to a programme, schedule or calendar, different from personal plans, which use present continuous.
The train departs at 8:15.
The shop opens at 9am and closes at 6pm.
The conference starts on 14 March.
The film begins at 7:30pm.
Term ends on 20 December.
5 Opinions, Feelings and States of Mind
Used with stative verbs to express thoughts, beliefs, preferences and emotions.
I think this is a great idea.
She loves classical music.
We believe in honesty.
He prefers tea to coffee.
They understand the situation perfectly.
6 Instructions and Directions
Used in recipes, manuals and giving directions, where each step is presented as a general procedure.
First, you heat the oil in a pan.
You turn left at the traffic lights, then go straight on.
You press the button to start the machine.
You add the eggs and mix well.
You insert the card, then enter your PIN.
7 Narration in the Present (Sports Commentary, Stories)
A vivid, dynamic use where the present simple narrates events as they happen, common in live sports commentary and storytelling.
He passes the ball, shoots, and scores!
She crosses the finish line first!
The detective opens the door slowly and sees a shadow.
The crowd goes silent as the runner approaches the line.
He reaches for the handle, and the door creaks open.
7. Signal Words, Adverbs of Frequency
Frequency
Word
Example
100%
always
I always brush my teeth before bed.
~90%
usually / normally
I usually walk to work.
~70%
often / frequently
She often works late.
~50%
sometimes
We sometimes eat out on Fridays.
~20%
occasionally
He occasionally travels for work.
~10%
rarely / seldom
They rarely watch TV.
0%
never
I never drink coffee after 6pm.
Specific intervals
every day/week/month, once a week, twice a year
We meet once a month.
β οΈ
Word order rule for adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of frequency (always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never) go before the main verb but after the verb "to be": "I always work hard" (before main verb) but "I am always tired" (after "to be"). This is one of the most consistently tested word-order rules at A2βB1 level.
8. Present Simple vs Other Tenses
For a full comparison between present simple and present continuous, including the crucial topic of stative verbs, see our dedicated guide: Present Simple vs Present Continuous. Below is a brief summary of the core distinction.
Present Simple
Present Continuous
I work in marketing. (permanent job)
I am working on a new campaign this week. (temporary task)
She plays tennis every Saturday. (habit)
She is playing tennis right now. (happening now)
Present simple is also distinct from the past simple (finished, specific past time, see our Past Simple guide) and from the present perfect (connecting past to present, see our Present Perfect guide).
9. British vs American English
Situation
British English
American English
Collective nouns (team, company, government)
Often plural: "The team are playing well"
Almost always singular: "The team is playing well"
"Have" vs "have got"
"I've got two brothers" extremely common
"I have two brothers" more standard; "have got" used but less frequent
"At the weekend" vs "on the weekend"
"I work at the weekend"
"I work on the weekend"
10. Formal vs Informal English
Context
Example
Formal report
The data indicates that sales typically increase in the fourth quarter.
Informal conversation
Sales usually go up at the end of the year.
Formal introduction
I am currently employed as a project manager at a technology firm.
Informal introduction
I work in tech, I'm a project manager.
11. Spoken English & Contractions
Full Form
Spoken Contraction
do not
don't
does not
doesn't
I am
I'm
is not
isn't
are not
aren't
π‘
Natural spoken rhythm
In fast natural speech, "does he" often blends to sound like "duzzy," and "do you" can sound like "d'ya" in very casual contexts. These reductions are normal in native speech but should not be written this way in formal contexts.
Third person singular negative requires "doesn't," not "don't."
β Does she works here?
β Does she work here?
After "does," the verb returns to base form, no extra -s.
β I goes to school every day.
β I go to school every day.
"I" never takes the -s ending, that's only for he/she/it.
β He studys every evening.
β He studies every evening.
Verbs ending in consonant + y change y to i before adding -es.
β She watchs TV every night.
β She watches TV every night.
Verbs ending in -ch need -es, not just -s.
β I am liking pizza.
β I like pizza.
"Like" is a stative verb and is not used in continuous form.
β He no work today.
β He doesn't work today.
Negatives require "doesn't," not "no," before the verb.
β Where do she live?
β Where does she live?
Third person singular questions require "does," not "do."
β I haves two sisters.
β I have two sisters.
"Have" does not take -s for "I", only "he/she/it" uses "has."
β She always is late.
β She is always late.
With "to be," the adverb of frequency comes after the verb, not before.
β He goes always to the gym.
β He always goes to the gym.
With ordinary verbs, the adverb of frequency comes before the main verb.
β Does you like tea?
β Do you like tea?
"You" requires "do," not "does", "does" is only for he/she/it.
β The train it leaves at 9.
β The train leaves at 9.
No need for the extra pronoun "it" once the subject "the train" is named.
β I am understanding the lesson.
β I understand the lesson.
"Understand" is stative, never continuous, even when true right now.
β He don't has a car.
β He doesn't have a car.
Two errors: needs "doesn't" (not "don't"), and the main verb after "doesn't" must be base form "have," not "has."
β She drink coffee every morning.
β She drinks coffee every morning.
Missing the -s ending for third person singular.
β Do he work here?
β Does he work here?
Third person singular requires "does," not "do."
β I am knowing the answer.
β I know the answer.
"Know" is a stative verb.
β She flys to Madrid every month.
β She flies to Madrid every month.
"Fly" ends in consonant + y, so it changes to "flies," not "flys."
β We doesn't agree.
β We don't agree.
"We" requires "don't," not "doesn't", that's only for he/she/it.
β He plaies football on Sundays.
β He plays football on Sundays.
"Play" ends in vowel + y, so it just adds -s, no spelling change needed.
β I am wanting some water.
β I want some water.
"Want" is a stative verb.
β She mixs the ingredients.
β She mixes the ingredients.
Verbs ending in -x need -es, not just -s.
β Does they live here?
β Do they live here?
"They" requires "do," not "does."
β He never eat meat.
β He never eats meat.
Missing the -s ending, the adverb of frequency does not remove the need for it.
β The shop close at 6.
β The shop closes at 6.
Missing the -s ending for the singular subject "the shop."
β I'm preferring tea.
β I prefer tea.
"Prefer" is a stative verb.
β Do she understand?
β Does she understand?
Third person singular requires "does," not "do."
β He don't speaks English.
β He doesn't speak English.
Two errors: needs "doesn't," and the main verb stays in base form "speak," not "speaks."
14. Advanced Usage (B1βC1)
Present Simple in Conditional Sentences
The present simple is the standard tense for the if-clause in zero and first conditionals: "If you heat water, it boils" (zero) and "If it rains, I will stay home" (first). See our full Conditionals guide for complete coverage.
Present Simple for Reviews and Summaries
Book, film and product reviews conventionally use the present simple, even though the work was created in the past: "The film tells the story of a young detective. The author explores themes of identity and loss." This is sometimes called the "literary present."
Present Simple After Time Conjunctions Referring to the Future
After words like "when," "as soon as," "before," "after," and "until," English uses present simple even when referring to future time, never "will."
I'll call you when I arrive. (NOT "when I will arrive")
We'll start as soon as everyone is ready.
Please wait until the light turns green.
15. Native Speaker Tips
Native speakers use the present simple in headlines even for past events, for immediacy: "Government Announces New Policy" (a headline, even though it happened recently).
"I mean" is an extremely common present simple filler/clarifier in spoken English: "I mean, it's not ideal, but it works."
Stress patterns matter for clarity. In "Do you like it?", natural stress falls on "like": "Do you LIKE it?"
"It depends" is one of the most common present simple responses in everyday British conversation, used constantly to hedge an answer.
16. 50 Useful Collocations
work hardmake moneytake timespend timesave moneytell the truthkeep a promisebreak a habitform a habitmake a decisiontake a riskplay a rolehave a routinefollow a schedulemeet a deadlinerun a businessdo exercisego shoppingdo the houseworkhave breakfasttake a showergo to bedwake upcommute to workattend meetingsgive a presentationanswer emailsmake a phone callhold a meetingcomplete a taskfollow instructionsgive directionstell a storydescribe a processstate a factexpress an opinionshare a beliefhold a viewmake sensemake a differencematter a lotdepend onconsist ofbelong torelate toapply torefer toresult inlead tocontribute to
B: I work as a software developer. I usually work from home, but I go into the office on Wednesdays.
A: Does she speak any other languages?
B: Yes, she speaks French and Spanish fluently, and she's currently learning Italian too.
A: What time does the shop open?
B: It opens at 9am on weekdays, but it doesn't open until 10am on Sundays.
A: How often do you go to the gym?
B: I usually go three times a week, Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
A: Do you believe him?
B: I don't know, something doesn't add up, but I want to believe him.
A: Where does your sister live?
B: She lives in Manchester now, though she grew up in Liverpool.
A: What does this word mean?
B: It means "very tired", it's quite an informal word, actually.
A: Why doesn't he ever answer his phone?
B: He always keeps it on silent, it drives me crazy too.
A: What time does the train leave?
B: It leaves at 10:45, so we should head to the station soon.
A: Do they have any children?
B: Yes, they have two, a boy and a girl, I think.
19. Reading Practice
Reading: "Life in a Small Bakery"
Maria owns a small bakery in the centre of town. She gets up at 4am every day and arrives at the bakery by 4:30. The bread needs several hours to rise, so she always starts early. Her bakery sells fresh bread, pastries and cakes, and it opens to customers at 7am. Maria doesn't use any artificial ingredients, she believes that simple, quality ingredients make the best products. Every morning, regular customers stop by for their usual order; the postman always buys the same croissant, and an elderly couple from down the street comes in every Saturday for a sourdough loaf. The bakery closes at 2pm, which gives Maria time to prepare for the next day. She loves her work, even though it requires very early mornings. "I don't mind the early starts," she says. "I love the smell of fresh bread, and I love that people genuinely look forward to visiting."
Comprehension Questions
1. What time does Maria get up?
2. What time does the bakery open and close?
3. What does the postman always buy?
4. Why does Maria avoid artificial ingredients?
5. Find two stative verbs used in the text.
Show Answers
1. At 4am.
2. It opens at 7am and closes at 2pm.
3. The same croissant.
4. Because she believes simple, quality ingredients make the best products.
5. Example answers: "believes," "loves."
20. Listening Script
ESL Listening Script: "My Typical Day"
Interviewer: Can you describe a typical day for you?
Tom: Sure! I wake up at 7am most days. I usually have breakfast quickly, then I cycle to work, it only takes about fifteen minutes. I start work at 9 and finish at 5:30, with a short lunch break around 1pm.
Interviewer: Do you do anything in the evenings?
Tom: It depends on the day. On Mondays and Wednesdays, I go to a gym class. On other evenings, I usually just relax, I read or watch something with my partner. We don't go out much during the week.
Interviewer: And what about weekends?
Tom: Weekends are different. I don't set an alarm, so I sleep later. We often see friends or go for a long walk somewhere.
Listening Questions
1. How does Tom get to work?
2. What time does he start and finish work?
3. What does he do on Mondays and Wednesdays?
4. How are his weekends different?
Show Answers
1. He cycles to work.
2. He starts at 9 and finishes at 5:30.
3. He goes to a gym class.
4. He doesn't set an alarm and sleeps later; he often sees friends or goes for a walk.
21. Writing Tasks
Task 1, Describe a Daily Routine
Write a short paragraph (100 words) describing your typical daily routine, using at least eight present simple verbs.
Show Model Answer
I usually wake up at 6:45am and start my day with a quick coffee. I leave the house at 7:30 and take the bus to work, which takes about twenty minutes. I work from 8:30 until 5pm, with a short lunch break around midday. After work, I often go to the gym or meet friends for dinner. I don't cook every night, but I try to prepare a proper meal at least four times a week. In the evening, I usually read for a while before going to bed around 11pm. My weekends look quite different and tend to be much more relaxed.
Task 2, Describe a Process
Write a short paragraph (100 words) describing how to do something (a recipe, a work process), using the instructional present simple.
Show Model Answer
Making good coffee at home is simple once you know the basics. First, you grind fresh beans just before brewing, this makes a noticeable difference to the flavour. Next, you heat water to just below boiling point, around 92β96 degrees. You add the ground coffee to a filter, then slowly pour the hot water over it in a circular motion. The coffee usually takes about three to four minutes to brew fully. Once it's ready, you remove the filter and serve immediately. Many people find that this method produces a much richer flavour than instant coffee.
22. Speaking Tasks
Discussion Questions
What does a typical day look like for you?
How often do you exercise or do sport?
What do you usually do at the weekend?
Describe a process you know well, cooking a dish, fixing something, or a work task.
What do you believe makes someone a good friend?
Role Play: Describing Routines
Practise asking and answering questions about daily routines: "What time do you usually wake up?" "How do you get to work?" "What do you do in the evenings?"
Cambridge Speaking-Style Questions
What do you usually do after school/work?
How often do you see your family?
IELTS Speaking-Style Questions
Describe your daily routine and explain how it has changed over time.
What activities do people in your country usually do at the weekend?
23. Exercises
A. Gap Fill, Complete with the correct present simple form (30 questions)
1. She ___ (work) in a hospital.
2. I ___ (not/like) spicy food.
3. ___ you ___ (speak) French?
4. He ___ (study) every evening.
5. The shop ___ (close) at 6pm.
6. They ___ (not/eat) meat.
7. She ___ (watch) the news every night.
8. ___ he ___ (have) a car?
9. We ___ (live) in London.
10. He ___ (fly) to Paris every month.
11. I ___ (not/understand) this question.
12. ___ she ___ (work) on weekends?
13. The train ___ (leave) at 9am.
14. He ___ (mix) the ingredients carefully.
15. We ___ (not/agree) with the decision.
16. She ___ (believe) in hard work.
17. ___ they ___ (live) nearby?
18. He ___ (go) to the gym every day.
19. I ___ (want) some water.
20. She ___ (not/drink) coffee.
21. ___ it ___ (rain) a lot here?
22. He ___ (wash) the dishes every night.
23. We ___ (not/own) a car.
24. She ___ (try) her best every time.
25. ___ you ___ (know) the answer?
26. The bakery ___ (open) at 7am.
27. I ___ (not/need) any help.
28. He ___ (play) tennis every weekend.
29. ___ she ___ (teach) maths?
30. They ___ (not/like) loud music.
Show Answers (A)
1. works 2. don't like 3. Do...speak 4. studies 5. closes 6. don't eat 7. watches 8. Does...have 9. live 10. flies 11. don't understand 12. Does...work 13. leaves 14. mixes 15. don't agree 16. believes 17. Do...live 18. goes 19. want 20. doesn't drink 21. Does...rain 22. washes 23. don't own 24. tries 25. Do...know 26. opens 27. don't need 28. plays 29. Does...teach 30. don't like
B. Multiple Choice (20 questions)
1. She ___ in a school. (a) work (b) works
2. ___ you like tea? (a) Do (b) Does
3. He ___ like football. (a) don't (b) doesn't
4. They ___ in Spain. (a) lives (b) live
5. She ___ TV every night. (a) watch (b) watches
6. ___ he have a sister? (a) Do (b) Does
7. I ___ understand. (a) don't (b) doesn't
8. The shop ___ at 9. (a) open (b) opens
9. She ___ to Rome every year. (a) flys (b) flies
10. We ___ coffee. (a) doesn't drink (b) don't drink
Show Answers (B)
1.b 2.a 3.b 4.b 5.b 6.b 7.a 8.b 9.b 10.b
C. Error Correction (20 questions)
1. She work in a bank.
2. He don't like cheese.
3. Does she works here?
4. I goes to school by bus.
5. He studys every day.
6. She watchs films at night.
7. Where do she live?
8. I haves a dog.
9. Does you like pizza?
10. He always is late.
Show Answers (C)
1. She works in a bank.
2. He doesn't like cheese.
3. Does she work here?
4. I go to school by bus.
5. He studies every day.
6. She watches films at night.
7. Where does she live?
8. I have a dog.
9. Do you like pizza?
10. He is always late.
24. Mini Quiz
25. Exam Focus, Cambridge, IELTS, Trinity, SELT
Exam
How Present Simple Is Tested
Sample Question
Cambridge A2 Key
Basic forms, third person -s, do/does questions, a core building block.
"She ___ (work) in a shop." (works)
Cambridge B1 Preliminary
Present simple vs continuous distinction in Reading/Use of English.
Multiple choice cloze testing routine vs right-now contexts.
Cambridge B2 First
Adverb of frequency placement and stative verb accuracy in transformations.
"He goes to the gym regularly." β "He ___ goes to the gym." (always/usually)
Cambridge C1 Advanced
Literary/historic present, present simple in time clauses referring to the future.
Use of English: rewrite "When I will arrive..." correctly as "When I arrive..."
IELTS
Speaking Part 1 is built almost entirely around present simple routine questions.
"What do you do? Where do you live? How often do you...?"
Trinity GESE/ISE (SELT)
Core to A1βA2 Speaking, personal information, daily routine, habits.
"What do you do every day?" "Where do you live?"
π―
Exam tip
Examiners at every level, including SELT A1, listen specifically for accurate third-person -s usage as a baseline indicator of grammatical control. Getting this consistently right, even in spontaneous speech, measurably improves your grammar score across every speaking exam.
26. Frequently Asked Questions
Habits, routines, general truths, permanent situations, fixed schedules and opinions.
Use the base form of the verb for all subjects, adding -s or -es for he/she/it: "I work," "She works."
Verbs ending in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z or -o take -es: watch β watches, go β goes.
Subject + don't/doesn't + base form. "I don't work on Sundays." "She doesn't work on Sundays."
Do/Does + subject + base form? "Do you work here?" "Does she work here?"
"Does" already carries the third-person marking, so the main verb must return to base form: "Does she work?"
Before the main verb ("I always work hard") but after the verb "to be" ("I am always tired").
am (I), is (he/she/it), are (you/we/they). Example: "She is happy."
No, "have" is irregular and becomes "has" in the third person singular, not "haves." "I have a car. She has a car."
Present simple is for habits, routines and permanent facts. Present continuous is for actions happening now or temporary situations. See our full comparison guide.
Yes, for fixed schedules and timetables ("The train leaves at 9am") and after time conjunctions like "when," "as soon as," and "until" ("I'll call you when I arrive").
Three ways: /s/ after voiceless sounds (works), /z/ after voiced sounds (plays), and /Ιͺz/ as an extra syllable after sibilant sounds (watches).
An informal usage where the present simple narrates past events for dramatic effect, common in storytelling and sports commentary.
Book, film and product reviews conventionally describe content using the "literary present": "The film tells the story of..." even though it was made in the past.
Change y to i and add -es: study β studies, fly β flies. Verbs ending in vowel + y just add -s: play β plays.
Permanent or long-term situations: "I live in London" (permanent). For temporary situations, use present continuous: "I am living in London for a few months."
Yes, stative verbs (know, want, believe, understand) are used almost exclusively in present simple, even to describe something true right now.
British English often treats collective nouns (team, company, government) as plural: "The team are playing well." American English typically treats them as singular: "The team is playing well."
Where + do/does + subject + base form? "Where do you live?" "Where does she work?"
Yes, instructional present simple is common in recipes and manuals: "You heat the oil, then add the onions."
"He always loses his keys" (present simple) is neutral. "He is always losing his keys" (present continuous) expresses irritation or emphasis about the frequent habit.
Yes, present simple is core to A1βA2 Trinity GESE Speaking, especially for personal information and daily routine topics.
"I never eat meat" is correct, the adverb of frequency goes before the main verb, not after.
Most verbs need do/does for questions, except the verb "to be," which inverts directly: "Is she happy?" not "Does she be happy?"
Most beginners grasp the core rules within a few weeks, though the third-person -s and do/does distinction typically need ongoing correction for several months before becoming automatic.
Describing your daily routine out loud, and asking/answering "wh-" questions about habits and facts, is one of the most effective ways to practise. Use the exercises in Section 23, then book a free consultation for personalised feedback.
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